5 Supporting the Psychosocial Needs of the Patient
CHAPTER LESSON PLANS & OBJECTIVES
Lesson 5.1: What the Patient Needs
- 1. Define patient-centered and outcome-oriented care
- 2. Discuss the basis of human needs as described in Maslow’s hierarchy and Roger’s humanistic theory
- 3. Discuss a person’s needs for safety, belonging, esteem, and actualization
Lesson 5.2: Communication, Spirituality, and Special Patient Populations
- 4. Discuss preoperative patient fears and their basis
- 5. Define spirituality as it applies to patient care
- 6. Discuss special needs patients and their psychosocial care in the perioperative environment
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Classroom Preparation
Lesson 5.1: What the Patient Needs
INSTRUCTOR PREPARATION
Textbook Objectives Covered
- 1. Define patient-centered and outcome-oriented care
- 2. Discuss the basis of human needs as described in Maslow’s hierarchy and Roger’s humanistic theory
- 3. Discuss a person’s needs for safety, belonging, esteem, and actualization
National Standards Covered
- • See the Fuller 8e/AST Core Curriculum Mapping Guide on Evolve instructor resources.
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 5.1: What the Patient Needs
STUDENT PREPARATION (1 hr)
| 1 | READ – Chapter Heading(s) • Introduction ANSWER – Textbook • Review Question 1 ANSWER – Workbook • Chapter 5 PREPARE – Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
| 2 | READ – Chapter Heading(s) • Basic Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Rogers’ Patient-Centered Care ANSWER – Textbook • Review Question 2 ANSWER – Workbook • Chapter 5 PREPARE – Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
| 3 | READ – Chapter Heading(s) • Level 1—Physiological Needs • Level 2— The Need for Safety and Security • Level 3—Love and Belonging Family and Community Support • Level 4—Esteem • Level 5—Self-Actualization ANSWER – Textbook • Review Question 3 • Case Study 3 ANSWER – Workbook • Chapter 5 PREPARE – Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
50-Minute Lesson Plan
Lesson 5.1: What the Patient Needs
LECTURE OUTLINE (50 min)
| POWERPOINT SLIDES | CHAPTER HEADING(S) | |
| 1 | PATIENT-CENTERED AND OUTCOME-ORIENTED CARE: SLIDE 4 | • Introduction |
| 2 | HUMAN NEEDS: SLIDES 5-7 | • Basic Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Rogers’ Patient-Centered Care |
| 3 | MASLOW’S HIERARCHY: SLIDES 5-7 | • Level 1—Physiological Needs • Level 2— The Need for Safety and Security Common Patient Fears Supporting the Fearful Patient • Level 3—Love and Belonging Family and Community Support • Level 4—Esteem • Level 5—Self-Actualization |
Learning Activities (choose one or more to equal 50 min)
| 1 | PRESENT (50 min) • Students should prepare a 1- to 2-page paper on patient-centered care vs. outcome-oriented care. They will use this for in-class presentations. Appropriate Settings: Traditional/online/flipped classroom |
| 2 | PRESENT (50 min) • In groups of two, students should review Maslow’s hierarchy and reflect on how it impacts the surgical patient and create a presentation they will give in class. • Appropriate Settings: Traditional/online/flipped classroom |
| 3 | DISCUSS (20 min) • Discuss with the class basic human physiological needs. • Discuss with the class the importance of the common psychological needs of the surgical patient. Appropriate Settings: Traditional/online/flipped classroom |
Critical Thinking Question
What are patient-centered and outcome-oriented care?
Discussion Guidelines: Understanding and empathy for the patient evolve from knowledge of the patient’s physical and psychological needs. Every patient is unique, and a positive surgical outcome depends on patient-centered care that is holistic; that is, takes into account many different dimensions of care. In patient-centered care, the surgical team bases its assessments, planning, and interventions on the patient as an individual. Outcome-oriented care is care provided to a patient based on outcomes and does not take into account the patient as an individual.
Describe Maslow’s hierarchy.
Discussion Guidelines: According to Maslow’s hierarchy, the most basic requirements for life must be fulfilled before the higher levels are achieved. Maslow’s model provides an excellent guide for patient care and a method of prioritizing the patient’s needs.
Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs provides a model of human achievement and self-actualization. How does this apply to allied health professionals?
Discussion Guidelines: Maslow’s understanding of human motivation has had an important influence on allied health professionals. The needs hierarchy provides a useful framework for understanding patients. The health care professional can help the patient meet his or her physiological and psychosocial needs. This allows the allied health professional to see the “big picture” of a given patient’s situation.
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 5.2: Communication, Spirituality, and Special Patient Populations
INSTRUCTOR PREPARATION
Textbook Objectives Covered
- 4. Discuss preoperative patient fears and their basis
- 5. Define spirituality as it applies to patient care
- 6. Discuss special needs patients and their psychosocial care in the perioperative environment
National Standards Covered
- • See the Fuller 8e/AST Core Curriculum Mapping Guide on Evolve instructor resources.
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 5.2: Communication, Spirituality, and Special Patient Populations
STUDENT PREPARATION (1 hr)
| 4 | READ – Chapter Heading(s) • The Need for Safety and Security Common Patient Fears Supporting the Fearful Patient • Supportive Patient Care • Supportive Patient Communication Supportive Listening Provide Information Give Reassurance Provide Clarification ANSWER – Textbook • Review Question 4 • Case Study 4 ANSWER – Workbook • Chapter 5 PREPARE – Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
| 5 | READ – Chapter Heading(s) • The Spiritual Needs of the Patient ANSWER – Textbook • Case Studies 1, 2 ANSWER – Workbook • Chapter 5 PREPARE – Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
| 6 | READ – Chapter Heading(s) • Patients with Special Needs Fear in the Disoriented Patient The Pediatric Patient Older Patients The Patient with a Developmental Disability ANSWER – Textbook • Review Questions 5, 6, 7, 8 ANSWER – Workbook • Chapter 5 PREPARE – Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
50-Minute Lesson Plan
Lesson 5.2: Communication, Spirituality, and Special Patient Populations
LECTURE OUTLINE (50 min)
| POWERPOINT SLIDES | CHAPTER HEADING(S) | |
| 4 | PATIENT FEARS: SLIDES 9-10 | • The Need for Safety and Security Common Patient Fears Supporting the Fearful Patient • Supportive Patient Care • Supportive Patient Communication Supportive Listening Provide Information Give Reassurance Provide Clarification |
| 5 | SPIRITUALITY: SLIDE 11 | • The Spiritual Needs of the Patient |
| 6 | SPECIAL NEEDS PATIENTS: SLIDE 12 | • Special Needs Patients Fear in the Disoriented Patient The Pediatric Patient Older Patients The Patient with a Developmental Disability |
Learning Activities (choose one or more to equal 50 min)
| 4 | ROLE PLAY (50 min) • Divide students into pairs to create scenarios to role play therapeutic communication with a patient. Partners should switch roles. You may wish to have one or two pairs demonstrate their role play for the class. Appropriate Settings: Traditional/online/flipped classroom |
| 5 | DISCUSS (30 min) • Divide the students into groups and have them discuss how spirituality applies to the surgical patient. • Appropriate Settings: Traditional/online/flipped classroom |
| 6 | PRESENT (50 min) • Students should prepare a 2-page paper on one of the special patient populations discussed in the text and how this impacts surgical intervention and role of the ST. This should include Maslow’s hierarchy. You may wish to assign particular special patient populations for the students to work on so that the presentations are varied among student groups. • Appropriate Settings: Traditional/online/flipped classroom |
Critical Thinking Question
Identify special populations and needs.
Discussion Guidelines: Special populations include pediatric and older patients, those with sensory deficits, and those who are immunosuppressed. Trauma patients and those with chronic diseases also have special needs that must be considered in their care.
Assessments
Chapter 5: Supporting the Psychosocial Needs of the Patient
ASSESSMENTS BY OBJECTIVE
| 1-6 | Workbook • Chapter 5 Evolve Instructor Resources • Test Bank Create a quiz using ExamView; sort by objective. Evolve Student Resources • Mock Certification Exam • Review Questions |
| All | Elsevier Adaptive Quizzing • Chapter 5 – Graded quizzes (Mastery Levels 1, 2, and 3) |
