Practice Exit Exam

Study and review from chapters 1-7

1. Study chapter one review question
2. Study chapter two review questions
3. Study chapter four review questions
4. Study chapter five review questions

Things you should know

1. When an anesthetized patient’s position is changed from lithotomy to supine, the patient’s leg should be lowered slowly to prevent
2. What area of the body is prepped for an ORIF of the humerus?
3. Aerobic organisms are BEST characterized as:
4. In strabismus surgery, what is the first tissue layer that must be incised?
5. Which procedure would indicate the use of a tourniquet?
6. Bellucci scissors are used in which of the following specialties?
7. What are Kelly clamps are primarily used for?
8. When an aseptic break technique occurs, the scrub should:
9. What position of choice is for a transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)?
10. Aerobic organisms are BEST characterized as:
11. Bellucci scissors are used in which kind of specialties 

What has the most accurate method of checking the effectiveness of an autoclave?

Review questions

The professional association for surgical technologists is the ________.

1.  Association of periOperative Registered Nurses
2.  American College of Surgeons
3.  Association of Surgical Technologists 
4.  Accreditation Review Committee on Education in Surgical Technology

________ demonstrates that a surgical technologist from an accredited program has achieved a minimum level of knowledge and skills.

1.  Licensure
2.  An associate’s degree
3.  Graduation
4.  Certification 

Certification for the surgical technologist is ________.

1.  mandatory
2.  voluntary 
3.  unnecessary
4.  invalid

The profession of surgical technologist is defined today as a result of _________________.

1.  less demanding professional needs
2.  technological advances 
3.  growing demands in the ancillary departments
4.  advances in digital technology

The need for assistive personnel in surgery did not arise until ____________.

1.  World War I
2.  Korean War
3.  Civil War
4.  World War II 

During World War I, _______ worked on the battlefield to offer aid and comfort to the wounded.

1.  nurses
2.  assistants
3.  Corpsmen 
4.  orderlies

____________ is one of the most important tools for health care professionals to acquire.

1.  Teamwork
2.  Professionalism
3.  Communication 
4.  Skills

Surgery is performed by __________.

1.  surgeons
2.  nurses
3.  surgical technologists
4.  teams of health professionals 

________ is a quality found in people with self-esteem. This type of behavior seeks to protect one’s own rights while respecting those of others.

1.  Aggressiveness
2.  Offensiveness
3.  Assertiveness 
4.  Emotion

________ are behaviors that are accepted as part of the environment and culture of a group.

1.  Norms 
2.  Laws
3.  Regulations
4.  Rules

Communication is a two-way process between the ________.

1.  ST and patient
2.  sender and receiver 
3.  surgeon and circulator
4.  accuser and accused

________ is the expression of emotion or opinion contained in the delivery of a message.

1.  Expression
2.  Body language
3.  Sensitivity
4.  Tone 

Health care professionals are guided in their practice by __________.

1.  standards
2.  laws
3.  policies and regulations
4.  all are correct 

Law in most society is intended to protect __________.

1.  government officials
2.  state officials
3.  individuals 
4.  none are correct

_____________ is the transfer of responsibility for a task from one person to another.

1.  Compensation
2.  Delegation 
3.  Regulation
4.  Segregation

A set of rules or regulations that hospital employees are required to follow, created to protect patients and employees from harm and to ensure the smooth operation of the hospital, is called ________.

1.  code of ethics
2.  operative consents
3.  hospital policy 
4.  medical practice acts

Negligence committed by a professional who deliberately acts outside of her or his scope of practice, or while impaired, is known as ________.

1.  damages
2.  malpractice 
3.  a sentinel event
4.  complaints

The surgical department is structured and engineered to provide a safe and efficient environment for patients and staff members. Many different designs can be used, but all must achieve the following objective(s).

1.  infection control
2.  environmental safety
3.  efficient use of personnel, time, space, and resources
4.  all are correct 

__________ and __________ areas (those with the greatest potential sources of infection) are physically separated when possible.

1.  Clean and contaminated 
2.  Clean and dirty
3.  Clean and clean contaminated
4.  None are correct

____________ engineering in the operating room (OR) follows national medical engineering standards for electrical circuits, inline gases, lighting, and other utilities.

1.  Mechanical
2.  Physical
3.  Environmental 
4.  All are correct

All of the following are core principles of operating room design EXCEPT _____________.

1.  personnel policies 
2.  infection control
3.  environmental safety
4.  efficiency

__________ create(s) boundaries between areas that carry the highest potential sources of infection and those that are the cleanest.

1.  Airflow
2.  Traffic patterns 
3.  Clean area
4.  Certain areas

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, physiological needs are all of the following EXCEPT ________________.

1.  psychological 
2.  biochemical
3.  mechanical
4.  physical

Self-actualization is one’s ability to express and achieve ________ goals.

1.  society
2.  financial
3.  professional
4.  personal

In patient-centered care, the surgical team bases assessment, planning, and intervention on the unique needs of the ________.

1.  surgical technologist
2.  patient 
3.  surgeon
4.  patient’s family members

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a model for meeting ________ and is used as a reference point for patient care.

1.  the surgeon’s needs
2.  the patient’s family members’ needs
3.  the sterile team’s needs
4.  human needs 

Pediatric patient groups are defined according to approximate _____________ age ranges.

1.  physical
2.  physiological
3.  chronological 
4.  astronomical

Knowledge of the different __________ of children helps the surgical technologist understand the behaviors exhibited by these patients in the operating room.

1.  cultures
2.  developmental stages 
3.  childhood diseases
4.  family backgrounds

Contrast media instilled into the urinary tract for visualization of the bladder, ureters, and kidney is called ________________.

1.  myelography
2.  cholangiography
3.  angiography
4.  retrograde pyelography 

Because ________ is found in contrast media, the patient must be evaluated for potential hypersensitivity before administration.

1.  radioactive material
2.  penicillin
3.  iodine 
4.  latex

________ is a radiopaque element that is used in the radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

1.  Barium 
2.  Optiray
3.  Conray
4.  Renografin

____________ uses radiofrequency signals and multiple magnetic fields to produce a high-definition image.

1.  Fluoroscopy
2.  Computed tomography (CT)
3.  Positron emission tomography (PET)
4.  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 

Intraoperative radiation therapy is used to deliver _____________ dose(s) of radiation to a specific area of the body.

1.  multiple
2.  a single 
3.  a weak
4.  a small

________ is/are implemented to reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission that are spread from the mouth, nose, oropharynx, and trachea to a susceptible host.

1.  Contact precautions
2.  Transmission-based precautions
3.  Face, eye, and body protection
4.  Droplet precautions 

The most common source of electrical injury to the surgical patient is ______________.

1.  a bipolar
2.  the electrosurgical unit (ESU) 
3.  the chemical telescope warmer
4.  the irrigating solutions

__________ is the statistical probability of a harmful event and is defined as the number of harmful events that occur in a given population over a stated period.

1.  Prevention
2.  Risk 
3.  Awareness
4.  Recording

____________ is/are a leading cause of hospital fires in the United States.

1.  Electrical malfunctions 
2.  Smoking
3.  Laser malfunctions
4.  Arson

The characteristics of electricity are current, voltage, resistance, and grounding. The discharge of electrical current from the source to ground, where it is dispersed and rendered harmless, is ________.

1.  current
2.  voltage
3.  grounding 
4.  resistance

___________ provide a form of adaptive immunity.

1.  Antibiotics
2.  Allergies
3.  Vaccinations 
4.  Resident flora

The human intestinal tract contains many different types of bacteria, such as __________, which are essential for metabolism.

1.  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2.  Streptococcus pyogenes
3.  Staphylococcus aureus
4.  Escherichia coli 

____________ is the movement of liquid through a semipermeable membrane according to differences in the concentration of substances on either side.

1.  Mutualism
2.  Comensualism
3.  Diffusion
4.  Osmosis 

Microbes enter the body through a location called the _____________.

1.  portal of entry 
2.  microbe host
3.  vaginal lactobacilli
4.  intestinal tract

A wound is described as _______________ when exudate (accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum) may appear around the incision.

1.  suppurative 
2.  abscessed
3.  necrotic
4.  Dehisced

___________ is a way of making decisions and acting on proven methods. It uses rational decision-making rather than opinion or past practice.

1.  Aseptic technique
2.  Evidence-based practice 
3.  Surgeons
4.  Surgical assistants

_____________ is used in the health care setting for routine hand hygiene.

1.  Avaguard
2.  Alcohol foam
3.  Antiseptic liquid soap 
4.  Living tissue

Hand washing is the simplest and most important preventive measure for reducing infection in the operating room (OR). Hand washing is ________.

1.  time related
2.  event related 
3.  not necessary if gloves are worn
4.  only necessary if you come into contact with blood or bodily fluids

When supplies and instruments are opened for a case, for safety reasons ___________ should be passed directly to the surgical technologist or placed in an area on the sterile field where they are clearly visible.

1.  sponges
2.  medications
3.  scalpel blades and other sharps 
4.  delicate instruments

______________ items must be sterile. These items enter sterile tissue or the vascular system.

1.  Semicritical
2.  Noncritical
3.  Critical 
4.  Low critical

Because paper products are difficult or impossible to decontaminate, patient’s charts, x-rays, and laboratory documentation should be ________.

1.  left outside of the surgical suite
2.  kept free from contamination 
3.  flash sterilized
4.  immediately placed in plastic bags

The phrase flash sterilization has been replaced by _____________ sterilization, in which unwrapped surgical equipment is sterilized by a high-vacuum steam sterilization method just before use.

1.  just-in-time
2.  quick
3.  right on time
4.  immediate-use steam sterilization—IUSS 

___________________ is used to sterilize objects that cannot tolerate the heat, moisture, and pressure of steam sterilization.

1.  Glutaraldehyde solution
2.  Peracetic acid
3.  Gas plasma
4.  Ethylene oxide 

A ratchet mechanism that holds an instrument in a closed position is called the ________.

1.  clamp
2.  points
3.  shank
4.  box lock 

A McPherson ____ lid speculum is used to retract the eyelids.

1.  handheld
2.  superficial
3.  malleable
4.  self-retaining 

A ________ is used to cut and extract tissue and is distinguished by having a spring-loaded hinge.

1.  retractor
2.  clamp
3.  forcep
4.  rongeur 

Fibrous connective tissue requires heavy scissors, such as the ________ scissors for cutting.

1.  curved Mayo 
2.  Metzenbaum
3.  Stevens tenotomy
4.  Castroviejo

_______ blades and handles are smaller and more delicate than those used in general surgery.

1.  Beaver 
2.  Number 4
3.  Amputation
4.  Smillie

A(n) _______ blade is detachable from the knife handle, although single-use scalpels are available and these do not detach.

1.  scalpel 
2.  electrocautery
3.  Metzenbaum
4.  harmonic

________ is used for augmentation of labor.

1.  Epinephrine
2.  Acetic acid
3.  Lugol’s solution
4.  Oxytocin 

_______________ stimulate the production of urine by the kidneys.

1.  Ophthalmic drugs
2.  Colloids
3.  Diuretics 
4.  Contrast mediums

Colored dyes are usually dispensed to the sterile field in glass vials. The most common types are gentian violet, methylene blue, and ________.

1.  indigo carmine 
2.  color codes
3.  abnormal shades
4.  performers

A(n) ________ is a drug that inhibits blood clot formation but does not dissolve clots.

1.  hemostatic agent
2.  absorbable collagen
3.  anticoagulant 
4.  antineoplastic agent

Angina, which is chest pain associated with decreased oxygen supply to the heart muscle, is partly treated using ________ drugs.

1.  antianginal 
2.  osmotic
3.  aminoglycosides
4.  antimicrobials

Knowledge of nerve transmission is basic to an understanding of how anesthetics and other _____ drugs work.

1.  CNN
2.  CBS
3.  ABC
4.  CNS 

Physical care of the body to prepare it for viewing by the family and for mortuary procedures is called _____________.

1.  morgue care
2.  postmortem care 
3.  premortem care
4.  mortuary

Support and care across different cultures is called _____________.

1.  cultural competence 
2.  culture knowledge
3.  culture acceptance
4.  culture awareness

Medical and supportive care provided to the dying patient is called __________ care.

1.  premortem
2.  comfort
3.  dignity
4.  palliative 

When death occurs in surgery, the surgeon and the anesthesia care provider must verify that brain death has occurred; this is called ___________ of death.

1.  proclamation
2.  certificate
3.  announcement
4.  determination 

Rigor mortis, the natural stiffening of the body, begins approximately ______ after death and peaks at 8 to 10 hours.

1.  15 minutes 
2.  30 minutes
3.  1 hour
4.  1.5 hours

During surgery, the perioperative team must suspect a problem if the surgeon repeatedly requests _________________ of the ESU.

1.  increases in power 
2.  increases in sound level
3.  relocation
4.  decrease in power

During surgery, the active electrode pencil must be kept _____________ on the surgical field.

1.  close to the surgical wound
2.  on the front edge of the Mayo stand
3.  on the patient’s legs
4.  in a nonconductive safety holster 

______________ materials are used to insulate the conductive material carrying electricity to prevent injury and maintain the flow of electricity within its circuit.

1.  Conductive
2.  Nonconductive
3.  Sterile
4.  Nonsterile

During the use of electrosurgery or laser surgery, tissue is destroyed or incised, and this process creates toxic smoke called smoke _________, which is known to be highly toxic.

1.  stream
2.  hazard
3.  toxicity
4.  plume 

The force or power that pushes or drives electrons through the conductive material is called __________.

1.  current
2.  resistance
3.  conductivity
4.  voltage 

Moving the arms away from the body is called _______________.

1.  adduction
2.  hyperextension
3.  abduction 
4.  hyperflexion

The ________ position is a modification of prone position in which the patient lies on his or her abdomen with the middle section of the table is flexed at a slight angle.

1.  Fowler
2.  prone
3.  jackknife or Kraske 
4.  dorsal recumbent

Injuries are reduced when health care providers use _____________.

1.  proper body mechanics 
2.  restraints
3.  lower back muscles when lifting patients
4.  the stretcher to open a door

To assist the patient when falling, ______________________.

1.  try to hold the patient up
2.  keep your feet close together and knees straight
3.  ease the patient to the floor, while protecting his or her head 
4.  once the patient is on the floor, seek help

____________________ must be lower than the patient’s body at all times.

1.  Bed rails
2.  The head of the bed
3.  The extension boot on an orthopedic table
4.  Drainage collecting units 

______________________ must be higher than the patient’s body.

1.  Drainage bags
2.  Intravenous (IV) lines and fluid 
3.  The room temperature
4.  Intravenous (IV) lines, fluid and the room temperature

The ________ drape is used for procedures of the face, nose and throat.

1.  lithotomy
2.  extremity
3.  head 
4.  incise

Surgeons use ________ to hold the towels in place when draping the patient.

1.  nonpenetrating towel clamps 
2.  surgical tape
3.  penetrating towel clamps
4.  Esmarch bandages

When draping the patient for surgery, once a towel or drape has been placed on the patient, ________________.

1.  do not shift or move it 
2.  it may be moved once
3.  it must be secured
4.  the skin prep is then performed

When prepping the abdomen for surgery, what should you do first?

1.  Prep the incision site.
2.  Start at the nipple line and work downward.
3.  Square the abdomen with sterile towels. 
4.  Clean the umbilicus with swabs, and then begin at the incision site.

A(n) ________ requires a preparation boundary that encompasses the neck, shoulder of the affected side, thorax to the operating table surface, and mid-pelvic region.

1.  appendectomy
2.  radical mastectomy 
3.  pelvic laparoscopy
4.  shoulder procedure

In cardiac cases, the saphenous vein is often removed and used to replace the coronary vessel. How is the patient prepped for this procedure?

1.  The leg and thorax are prepped at the same time.
2.  It depends on the prep solution used.
3.  A complete body prep is necessary including the full circumference of the legs bilaterally. 
4.  Only the thorax is prepped.

The ____________ containing towels, drapes, and gowns is centered on the back table and opened using aseptic technique.

1.  wrapped basin
2.  instrument tray
3.  basic pack 
4.  surgical drape

Using a(n) _____________ approach to all setups improves efficiency.

1.  nonstressful
2.  educated
3.  surgical
4.  methodical

Before organizing and preparing supplies during setup, ___________ the sterile area.

1.  dry top
2.  increase the size of 
3.  decrease the size of
4.  remove supplies from

Avoid shifting items around from one place to another during setup. Try to handle an item only once. Shifting items from one location to another without purpose increases the chance of ________________ and is not productive.

1.  injury
2.  confusion
3.  contamination 
4.  missing items

You may have up to 10 trays on a complex case. This is why it is important to think about what you need, locate it among all the supplies, and then put it in a specific place. If instrument trays must be stacked, place the ___________ ones on the bottom.

1.  least-used
2.  heavier 
3.  empty
4.  large

A ________ suture is a suture-needle combination designed to discharge the suture easily.

1.  double-armed
2.  spring-eye needle
3.  swaged suture-needle combination
4.  control-release 

After precleaning, a flexible endoscope must be _______________.

1.  flushed with saline
2.  sterilized
3.  soaked in enzymatic cleaner
4.  leak tested 

The working tip on the tip of robotic instruments is called

1.  yaw.
2.  pitch.
3.  end effector. 
4.  roll.

The organs and organ systems that are included in general surgery are the following EXCEPT __________.

1.  spleen
2.  pancreas
3.  femur 
4.  breast

The cervix is the lower neck of the ______________.

1.  bladder
2.  pelvic
3.  uterus 
4.  canal

Stones caused by the precipitation of minerals, such as calcium, and other substances from the urine or kidney filtrate are ________________.

1.  uterine
2.  dilators
3.  calculi 
4.  phila

________________ is a procedure performed to treat glaucoma.

1.  Keratoplasty
2.  Iridectomy
3.  Vitrectomy
4.  Trabeculectomy